Reintroduction Scientific Advisory Group (ReintroSAG)

Reference List

Alberts AC, Lemm JM, Grant TD,  Jackintell LA. 2004. Testing the utility of headstarting as a conservation strategy for West Indian iguanas.  In: Alberts AC, Carter RL, Hayes WK, Martins EP. Iguanas: Biology and Conservation. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p 210-9.

Alberts AC, Oliva ML, Worley MB, S.R. Telford J, Morris PJ, Janssen DL. 1998. The need for pre-release health screening in animal translocations:  a case study of the Cuban iguana (Cyclura nubila). Animal Conservation 1:165-72.

Alt GL, Beecham JJ. 1984. Reintroduction of orphaned black bear cubs into the wild. Wildlife Society Bulletin 12:169-74.

Ballou JD. 2001. Genetic and demographic considerations in endangered species captive breeding and reintroduction programs. Wildlife Populations. Smithsonian National Zoological Park.

Beck B, Cooper M, Griffith B. 1993. Infectious disease considerations in reintroduction programs for captive wildlife. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 24:394-7.

Beck BB. 2001. A vision for reintroduction. AZA Communiqué.

Beck BB, Castro MI. 1994. Environments for endangered primates.  In: Gibbons EF, Wyers EJ, Walter E, Menzed EW. Naturalistic Environments in Captivity for Animal Behavior Research. Albany, New York: University of New York Press. p 259-70.

Beck BB, Kleiman DG, Dietz JM, Castro I, Carvalho C, Martins A, Rettberg-Beck B. 1991. Losses and reproduction in reintroduced golden lion tamarins Leontopithecus rosalia. D.J. Jersey Wildlife Preserve Trust 27:50-61.

Beck BB, Rapaport LG, Stanley Price MR,  Wilson AC. 1994. Reintroduction of captive-born animals.  In: Olney PJS. Creative Conservation:  Interactive Management of Wild and Captive Animals. London: Chapman & Hall. p 265-86.

Bernal JF, Packard JM. 1997. Differences in winter activity, courtship, and social behavior of two captive family groups of Mexican wolves (Canis lupus baileyi). Zoo Biology 16:435-43.

Berry KH. 1986. Desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) relocation:  implications of social behavior and movements. Herpetologica 42(1):113-25.

Biggins DE, Vargas A, Godbey JL, Anderson SH. 1999. Influence of prerelease experience on reintroduced black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes). Biological Conservation 89(2):121-9.

Blackburn TM, Cassey P. 2004. Are introduced and reintroduced species comparable?  A case study of birds. Animal Conservation 7(4):427-34.

Bloxam QMC, Tonge SJ. 1995. Amphibians:  suitable candidates for breeding-release programs. Biodiversity and Conservation 4:636-44.

Booth W. 1988. Reintroducing a political animal.  Science 241: 156-8.

Bowen BW, Conant TA, Hopkins-Murphy SR. 1994. Where are they now?  The Kemp's ridley headstart project. Conservation Biology 8(3):853-6.

Bowman JL, Leopold BD, Vilella FJ, Gill DA. 2004. A spatially explicit model, derived from demographic variables, to predict attitudes toward black bear restoration. Journal of Wildlife Management 68(2):223-32.

Box HO. 1991. Training for life after release:  simian primates as examples. Zoological Symposium 62:111-23.

Brambell MR. 1977. Reintroduction. International Zoo Yearbook 17:112-6.

Bright PW, Morris PA. 1994. Animal translocation for conservation:  performance of dormice in relation to release methods, origin, and season. Journal of Applied Ecology 31(4):699-708.

Burke RL. 1991. Relocations, repatriations, and translocations of amphibians and reptiles:  taking a broader view. Herpetologica  47(3):350-7.

Bustamante J. 1996. Population viability analysis of captive and released bearded vulture populations. Conservation Biology 10(3):822-31.

Bustamante J. 1998. Use of simulation models to plan species reintroductions:  the case of the bearded vulture in southern Spain. Animal Conservation 1:229-38.

Cade TJ. 1988. Using science and technology to reestablish species lost in nature.  In: Wilson EO. Biodiversity. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. p 279-88.

Cade TJ, Jones CG. 1993. Progress in restoration of the Mauritius kestrel. Conservation Biology 7(1):169-75.

Cade TJ, Osborn SAH, Hunt WG,  Woods CP. 2004. Commentary on released California condors Gymnogyps californianus in Arizona.Chancellor RD, Meyburg B-U. Raptors Worldwide. World Working Group on Birds of Prey and Owls/MME-Birdlife Hungary. p 11-25.

Campbell S. 1980. Is reintroduction a realistic goal?  In: Soule ME. Conservation Biology:  an Evolutionary-Ecological Perspective. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer. p 263-9.

Carbyn LN, Armbruster HJ,  Mamo C. 1994. The swift fox reintroduction program in Canada from 1983 to 1992.  In: Bowles ML, Whelan CJ. Restoration of Endangered Species:  Conceptual issues, Planning, and Implementation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 247-71.

Castro I, Mason KM, Armstrong DP, Lambert DM. 2004. Effect of extra-pair paternity on effective population size in a reintroduced population of the endangered hihi, and potential for behavioral management . Conservation Genetics 5(3):381-93.

Cayot LJ, Snell HL, Llerena W,  Snell HM. 1994. Conservation biology of Galapagos reptiles:  twenty-five years of successful research and management.  In: Murphy JB, Adler K, Collins JT. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles. Ithaca, New York: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. p 297-305.

Chiszar D, Smith HM, Radcliffe CW. 1993. Zoo and laboratory experiments on the behavior of snakes:  assessments of competence in captive-raised animals. American Zoologist 33:109-16.

Chivers DJ. 1991. Guidelines for re-introductions:  procedures and problems,  In: Gipps JHW. Beyond Captive Breeding:  Re-introducing Endangered Mammals to the Wild. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p 89-99.

Chivers DJ. 1991. Guidelines for re-introductions:  procedures and problems. Symposium of the Zoological Society of London 62:89-99.

Choudhury BC, Choudhury S. 1986. Lessons from Crocodile Reintroduction Project in India. Indian Forester 112:881-90.

Clark TW. 1987. The black-footed ferret recovery:  a progress report. Conservation Biology 1(1):8-13.

Clark TW. Black-footed ferrets on the road to recovery. Endangered Species 8:86-8.

Clark TW. 1994. Restoration of the endangered black-footed ferret:  a twenty-year overview.  In: Bowles ML, Whelan CJ. Restoration of Endangered Species:  Conceptual Issues, Planning, and Implementation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 272-97.

Clark TW, Cragun JR. 1994. Organizational and managerial guidelines for endangered species restoration programs and recovery teams.  In: Bowles ML, Whelan CJ. Restoration of Endangered Species:  Conceptual Issues, Planning, and Implementation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 9-33.

Cole M, Devison D, Eldridge PT, Mehren KG, Rapley WA. 1979. Notes on the early hand-rearing of orangutan Pongo pygmaeus and its subsequent reintroduction to the mother. International Zoo Yearbook 19:263-4.

Conant S. 1988. Saving endangered species by translocation:  are we tinkering with evolution? Bioscience 38(4):254-7.

Cunningham AA. 1996. Disease risks of wildlife translocations. Conservation Biology 10(2):349-53.

Davies HT, du Toit JT. 2004. Anthropogenic factors affecting wild dog Lycaon pictus reintroductions: a case study in Zimbabwe. Oryx 38(1):32-9.

Denton JS, Hitchings SP, Beebee TJC, Gent A. 1997. A recovery program for the natterjack toad (Bufo calamita) in Britain. Conservation Biology 11(6):1329-38.

Devine B. 1994. Bringing back beavers.  Wildlife Conservation p65-82.

Dixon AM, Mace GM, Newby JE,  Olney PJS. 1991. Planning for the re-introduction of scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) and addax (Addax nasomaculatus) into Niger.  In: Gipps JHW. Beyond Captive Breeding:  Re-introducing Endangered Mammals to the Wild. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p 201-16.

Dobson A, Miller D. 1989. Infectious diseases and endangered species management. Endangered Species 6:1-5.

Dodd DK Jr, Seigel RA. 1991. Relocation, repatriation, and translocation of amphibians and reptiles:  are they conservation strategies that work? Herpetologica 47(3):336-50.

Druce D, Genix H, Braak J,  Greatwood S, Delsink A, Kettles R, Hunter L, Slotow R. 2004. Population demography and spatial ecology of a reintroduced lion population in the Greater Makalali Conservancy, South Africa. Koedoe 47(1):103-18.

Eldridge MDB, Rummery C, Bray C, Zenger KR, Browning TL, Close RL. 2004. Genetic analysis of a population crash in brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata) from Jenolan Caves, south-eastern Australia . Wildlife Research 31(3):229-40.

Fancy SG, Nelson JT, Harrity P, Kuhn J, Kuhn M, Kuehler C, Giffin JG. 2001. Reintroduction and translocation of `Oma`o: a comparison of methods. Studies in Avian Biology .

Fitzsimmons NN, Buskirk SW, Smith MH. 1997. Genetic changes in reintroduced Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep populations. Journal of Wildlife Management 61:863-72.

Foose TJ. 1991. Viable population strategies for reintroduction programes. Zoological Symposium 62:165-72.

Foose TJ. 1991. Viable population strategies for re-introduction programs.  In: Gipps JHW. Beyond Captive Breeding:  Re-introducing Endangered Mammals to the Wild. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p 165-72.

Forbes SH, Boyd DK. 1997. Genetic structure and migration in native and reintroduced Rocky Mountain wolf populations. Conservation Biology 11(5):1226-34.

Franklin J, Steadman DW. 1991. The potential for conservation of Polynesian birds through habitat mapping and species translocation. Conservation Biology 5(4):506-21.

Ginsberg JR. 1994. Captive breeding, reintroduction and the conservation of canids. In: Olney PJS, Mace GM, Feistner ATC. Creative Conservation: Interactive Management of Wild and Captive Animals. London: Chapman & Hall. p 365-83.

Goodyear NC, Lazell JD. 1994. Status of a relocated population of Iguana pinguis on Guana Island, British Virgin Islands. Restoration Ecology 2:43-50.

Goossens B, Setchell JM, Tchidongo E, Dilambaka E, Vidal C, Ancrenaz M, Jamart A. 2004. Survival, interactions with conspecifics and reproduction in 37 chimpanzees released into the wild. Biological Conservation 123(4 ):461-75.

Gordon IJ. 1991. Ungulate re-introductions:  the case of the scimitar-horned oryx.  In: Gipps JHW. Beyond Captive Breeding:  Re-introducing Endangered Mammals to the Wild. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p 217-40.

Green WCH, Rothstein A. 1998. Translocation, hybridization, and the endangered black-faced impala. Conservation Biology 12(2):475-80.

Griffith B, Scott JM, Carpenter JW, Reed C. 1993. Animal translocations and potential disease transmission. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine  24(3):231-6.

Griffith B, Scott JM, Carpenter JW, Reed C. 1989. Translocation as a species conservation tool:  status and strategy. Science 245 (4917):477-80.

Griffith B, Scott JM, Carpenter JW, Reed C. 1990. Translocations of captive-reared terrestrial vertebrates, 1973-1986. Endangered Species Update 8(1):10-3.

Griffith B, Scott JM, Carpenter JW, Reed C. 1993. Translocations of captive-reared terrestrial vertebrates, 1973-1986. Endangered Species Bulletin 8:10-3.

Groombridge JJ, Massey JG, Bruch JC, Malcolm T, Brosius CN, Okada MM, Sparklin B, Fretz JS, Vanderwerf EA. 2004. An attempt to recover the Po'ouli by translocation and an appraisal of recovery strategy for bird species of extreme rarity. Biological Conservation 118(3):365-75.

Guerrant GO Jr. 1992. Genetic and demographic considerations in the sampling and reintroduction of rare plants.  In: Fiedler PL, Jain SK. Conservation Biology:  The Theory and Practice of Nature Conservation, Preservation, and Management. New York: Chapman and Hall. p 321-44.

Haig SM, Ballou JD, Derrickson SR. 1990. Management options for preserving genetic diversity:  reintroduction of Guam rails to the wild. Conservation Biology 4(3):290-300.

Hancox M. 1989. Badger conservation via captive-bred releases and translocations. International Zoo News 36:16-8.

Hannah AC, McGrew WC. 1991. Rehabilitation of captive chimpanzees.  In: Box HO. Primate Responses to Environmental Change. London: Chapman and Hall. p 168-85.

Hartman G. 1994. Long-term population development of a reintroduced beaver (Castor fiber) population in Sweden. Conservation Biology 8(3):713-7.

Haskell A, Graham TE, Griffin CR, Hestbeck JB. 1996. Size related survival of headstarted redbelly turtles (Pseudemys rubriventris) in Massachusetts. Journal of Herpetology 30(4):524-7.

Hedrick PW. 1995. Gene flow and genetic restoration:  the Florida panther as a case study. Conservation Biology 9(5):996-1007.

Henshaw RE, Lockwood R, Shideler R,  Stephenson RO. 1979. Experimental release of captive wolves.  In: Klinghammer E. The Behavior and Ecology of Wolves. New York: STPM Press. p 319-45.

Heppell SS, Crowder LB, Crouse DT. 1996. Models to evaluate headstarting as a management tool for long-lived turtles. Ecological Applications 6(2):556-65.

Holler NR, Mason DW, Simons T, Wooten MC. 1989. Reestablishment of the Perdido Key beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis) on Gulf Islands National Seashore. Conservation Biology 3(4):397-404.

Holm GO, Hess TJ, Justic D, McNease L, Linscombe RG, Nesbitt SA. 2003. Population recovery of the Eastern Brown Pelican following its extirpation in Louisiana. Wilson Bulletin 115(4):431-7.

Holzer C, Bergmann HH,  McLean IG. 1995. Training captive-raised, naive birds to recognize their predator.  In: Ganslober U, Hodges JK, Kaumanns W. Research and Captive Propagation. Furth:  Filander Verlag. p 198-206.

Horwich RH, Koontz F, Saqul E, Saqul H, Glander K. 1993. A reintroduction program for the conservation of the black howler monkey in Belize. Endangered Species 10:1-6.

Hudson RD, Alberts AC. 2004. The role of zoos in the conservation of West Indian iguanas.  In: Alberts AC, Carter RL, Hayes WK, Martins EP. Iguanas: Biology and Conservation. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p 274-89.

[Anonymous]. 1998. Guidelines for Re-Introductions. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN - the World Conservation Union.

Jacobson ER. 1993. Implications of infectious diseases for captive propagation and introduction programs of threatened/endangered reptiles. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 24(3):245-55.

Jacobson ER. 1994. Veterinary procedures for the acquisition and release of captive-bred herpetofauna.  In: Murphy JB, Adler K, Collins JT. Captive Management and Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles. Ithaca, New York: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. p 109-18.

Jefferies DJ, Wayre P, Jessop RM, Mitchell-Jones AJ. 1986. Reinforcing the native otter Lutra lutra population in east Anglia: an analysis of the behavior and range development of the first release group. Mammal Review 16:65-79.

Jenny JP, Heinrich W, Montoya AB, Mutch B, Sandfort C, Hunt WG. 2004. From the field: progress in restoring the aplomado falcon to southern Texas. Wildlife Society Bulletin 32(1):276-85.

Johnson RR. 1990. Release and translocation strategies for the Puerto Rican crested toad, Peltophryne lemur. Endangered Species Update 8(1):54-7.

Jones SR. Overview of the goals and activities of the IUCN captive breeding specialist group and internaitonal species information system. Endangered Species 8:8-9.

Kenward RE, Hodder KH. 1998. Red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) released in conifer woodland: the effects of source habitat, predation and interactions with grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis). Journal of Zoology 244(1):23-32.

Kierulff MCM, Beck BB, Kleiman DG, Procopio de Oliveria P. 2002. Reintroduction and translocation as conservation tools for golden lion tamarins in Brazil. Reintroduction News .

Kierulff MCM, Procopio de Oliveira P, Beck B,  Martins A. 2002. Reintroduction and translocation as conservation tools for golden lion tamarins.  In: Kleiman DG, Rylands AB. Lion Tamarins: Biology and Conservation. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

King FW. 1990. Conservation of crocodilians:  the release of captive-reared specimens. Endangered Species Update 8(1):48-51.

Kingswood SC, Kumamoto AT. 1991. The Harasis-Oman's halfway house for Arabian oryx.  ZooNooz 69: 9-10.

Kleiman DG. 1990. Decision-making about a reintroduction:  do appropriate conditions exist? Endangered Species Update 8(1):18-9.

Kleiman DG. 1989. Reintroduction of captive mammals for conservation. BioScience 39:152-61.

Kleiman DG, Beck BB, Baker AJ, Ballou JD, Dietz LA , Dietz JM. The conservation program for the golden lion tamarin, Leontopithecus rosalia. Endangered Species 8:82-5.

Kleiman DG, Beck BB, Dietz JM,  Dietz LA. 1991. Costs of a re-introduction and criteria for success:  accounting and accountability in the Golden Lion Tamarin Conservation Program.  In: Gipps JHW. Beyond Captive Breeding:  Re-introducing Endangered Mammals to the Wild. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p 125-42.

Kleiman DG, Beck BB, Dietz JM, Dietz LA. 1991. Costs of a re-introduction and criteria for success:  accounting and accountability in the golden lion tamarin conservation program. Zoological Symposium 62:125-42.

Kleiman DG, Beck BB, Dietz JM, Dietz LA, Ballou JD,  Coimbra-Filho AF. 1986. Conservation program for the golden lion tamarin:  captive research and management, ecological studies, educational strategies, and reintroduction.  Benirschke Kp 959-79.

Kleiman DG, Mallinson JJC. 1998. Recovery and management committees for lion tamarins: partnerships in conservation planning and implementation. Conservation Biology 12(1):27-38.

Kleiman DG, Stanley Price MR,  Beck BB. 1994. Criteria for reintroductions.  In: Olney PJS. Creative Conservation:  Interactive management of wild and captive animals. London: Chapman & Hall. p 287-303.

Knapp CR, Hudson RD. 2004. Translocation strategies as a conservation tool for West Indian iguanas: evaluations and recommendations Alberts AC, Carter RL, Hayes WK, Martins EP. Iguanas: Biology and Conservation. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p 199-209.

Knapp CR, Malone CL. 2003. Patterns of reproductive success and genetic variability in a translocated iguana population. Herpetologica 59(2):195-202.

Konstant WR, Mittermeier RA. 1982. Introduction, reintroduction and translocation of neotropical primates:  past experiences and future possibilities. New World Primates 22:69-77.

Kramer-Schadt S, Revilla E, Wiegand T, Breitenmoser U. 2004. Fragmented landscapes, road mortality and patch connectivity: modeling influences on the dispersal of Eurasian lynx. Journal of Applied Ecology 41(4):711-23.

Kuehler C, Kuhn M, Kuhn JE,  Lieberman A, Harvey N, Rideout B. 1996. Artificial incubation, hand-rearing, behavior, and release of common 'amakihi (Hemignathus virens virens): surrogate research for restoration of endangered hawaiian forest birds. Zoo Biology  15:541-53.

Kuehler C, Lieberman A. 1994. The Avian Propagation Center goes afield. ZooNooz 67(6):10-4.

Kuehler C, Lieberman A. 1997. A conservation partnership:  The Zoological Society of San Diego and The Peregrine Fund. ZooNooz 70(8):24-5.

Kuehler C, Lieberman A. 2000. The Hawaiian endangered bird conservation program. Re-Introduction News 19.

Kuehler C, Lieberman A. 1993. Loggerhead shrike recovery underway. Re-Introduction News 7:13.

Kuehler C, Lieberman A. 1993. Lory translocated. Oryx 7(1):5.

Kuehler C, Lieberman A. 1992. Polynesian ultramarine lory translocation successful. CBSG NEWS 3(3):33.

Kuehler C, Lieberman A. 1997. Restoration of endangered Hawaiian forest birds. Re-Introduction News 14:9-11.

Kuehler C, Lieberman A. 1993. Translocation of the ultramarine lory. AFA Watchbird 19(6):60.

Kuehler C, Lieberman A. 1992. Ultramarine lory of French Polynesia. Re-Introduction News 5:6-7.

Kuehler C, Lieberman A. 1993. Ultramarine lory update. Re-Introduction News 7:12.

Kuehler C, Lieberman A, Harrity P. 1995. Aviculture and conservation:  The Peregrine Fund's Hawaiian Endangered Bird Conservation Program. AFA Watchbird 22(6):35-8.

Kuehler C, Lieberman A, Harrity P, Kuhn M, Kuhn J, McIlraith B, Turner J. 2001. Restoration techniques for Hawaiian forest birds:  collection of eggs, artificial incubation and hand-rearing of chicks, and release to the wild. Studies in Avian Biology 22:354-8.

Kuehler C, Lieberman A, Oesterle P, Powers T, Kuhn M, Kuhn J, Nelson JY, Snetsinger T, Herrman C, Harrity P and others. 2000. Development of restoration techniques for Hawaiian thrushes:  collection of wild eggs, artificial incubation, hand-rearing, captive-breeding, and reintroduction to the wild. Zoo Biology 19:263-77.

Kuehler C, Lieberman A, Varney A. 1996. Translocation of ultramarine lories (Vini ultramarina). AFA Watchbird 23(3):23.

Kuehler C, Lieberman A, Varney A, Unitt P, Sulpice RM, Azua J, Tehevini B. 1997. Translocation of ultramarine lories (Vini ultramarina) in the Marquesas islands:  Ua Huka to Fatu Hiva. Bird Conservation International 7(1):69-79.

Leberg PL. 1993. Strategies for population reintroduction:  effects of genetic variability on population growth and size. Conservation Biology 7(1):194-9.

Lieberman A. 1991. Curators+ corner: the endangered San Clemente Island loggerhead shrike. ZooNooz 64(10):11-3.

Lieberman A. 1991. El mensajero del sol: the release of the Andean condor. ZooNooz 64(1):6-11.

Lieberman A. 1994. Release of five Andean condors. World Birdwatch 16( 3):5.

Lieberman A. 1991. The role of private aviculture in bird reintroduction programs, Part I. AFA Watchbird 18(6):3-4.

Lieberman A. 1992. The role of private aviculture in bird reintroduction programs, Part II. AFA Watchbird 18(6):7-11.

Lieberman A, Feliciano O. 2000. Ten years and going strong: Andean condor recovery in Colombia. ZooNooz 73(12):25-9.

Lieberman A, Kuehler C. 1994. Second translocation of seven ultramarine lories. AFA Watchbird 21(2):36.

Lieberman A, Rodriguez V, Wiley J, Paez JM. 1993. The reintroduction of Andean condors into Colombia, South America:  1989-1991. Oryx 27(2):83-90.

Lindburg DG. 1992. Are wildlife reintroductions worth the cost? Zoo Biology 11:1-2.

Linnell JDC, Aanes R, Swenson JE. 1997. Translocation of carnivores as a method for managing problem animals:  a review. Biodiversity and Conservation 6( 9):1245-57.

Lockhart M, Vargas A, Marinari P, Gover P. 1998. Black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes) recovery update.  Endangered Species 15:92-3.

Lomolino MV, Channell R. 1998. Range collapse, re-introductions, and biogeographic guidelines. Conservation Biology 12(2):481-4.

MacKinnon K, MacKinnon J. 1991. Habitat protection and reintroduction programs. Zoological Symposium 62:173-98.

MacKinnon K, MacKinnon J. 1991. Habitat protection and re-introduction programs.  In: Gipps JHW. Beyond Captive Breeding:  Re-introducing Endangered Mammals to the Wild. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p 173-98.

Matipano G. 2004. Post-release ranging behavior of hand-raised black rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis, L. in Matusadona National Park, Zimbabwe with recommendations for management of introduction to the wild. Koedoe 47(1):89-102.

Matson TK, Goldizen AW, Jarman PJ. 2004. Factors affecting the success of translocations of the black-faced impala in Namibia. Biological Conservation 116(3):359-65.

May RM. 1991. The role of ecological theory in planning re-introduction of endangered species.  In: Gipps JHW. Beyond Captive Breeding:  Re-introducing Endangered Mammals to the Wild. Oxford: Clarendon. p 145-63.

McLean IG, Holzer C, Studholme BJS. 1999. Teaching predator-recognition to a naive bird: implications for management. Biological Conservation 87(1):123-30.

McPhee ME, Silverman ED. 2004. Increased behavioral variation and the calculation of release numbers for reintroduction programs . Conservation Biology 18(3):705-15.

Merrill T, Mattson DJ, Wright RG, Quigley HB. 1999. Defining landscapes suitable for restoration of grizzly bears Ursus arctos in Idaho. Biological Conservation 87(2):231-48.

Miller B, Biggins D, Hanebury L,  Vargas A. 1994. Reintroduction of the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes).  In: Olney PJS, Mace GM, Feistner ATC. Creative Conservation: Interative Management of Wild and Captive. London: Chapman & Hall. p 455-64.

Miller B, Ralls K, Reading RP, Scott JM, Estes J. 1999. Biological and technical considerations of carnivore translocation:  a review. Animal Conservation 2(1):59-68.

Milton SJ, Bond WJ, M.A. Du Plessis, Gibbs D, Hilton-Taylor C, Linder HP, Raitt L, Wood J, Donaldson JS. 1999. A protocol for plant conservation by translocation in threatened lowland fynbos. Conservation Biology 13(4):735-43.

Moore DE, Smith R. 1990. The red wolf as a model for carnivore re-introductions. Zoological Symposium 62:263-78.

Moore DEI, Smith R. 1991. The red wolf as a model for carnivore re-introductions.  In: Gipps JHW. Beyond Captive Breeding:  Re-introducing Endangered Mammals to the Wild. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p 263-78.

Morris PA. 1997. Released, rehabilitated hedgehogs:  a follow-up study in Jersey. Animal Welfare 6:317-27.

Moruzzi TL, Royar KJ, Grove C, Brooks RT, Bernier C, Thompson FL, DeGraaf RM, Fuller TK. 2003. Assessing an American marten, Martes americana, reintroduction in Vermont. Canadian Field Naturalist 117(2):190-5.

Murie JO, Stevens SD, Leoppky B. 1998. Survival of captive-born cross-fostered juvenile Columbian ground squirrels in the field. Journal of Mammalogy 79:1152-60.

Myers MC, Vaughan C. 2004. Movement and behavior of scarlet macaws (Ara macao) during the post-fledging dependence period: implications for in-situ versus ex-situ management. Biological Conservation 118(3):411-20.

Nader W, Werner D, Wink M. 1999. Genetic diversity of scarlet macaws (Ara macao) in reintroduction studies for threatened populations in Costa Rica. Biological Conservation 87(2):269-72.

Nicoll MAC, Jones CG, Norris K. 2003. Comparison of survival rates of captive-reared and wild-bred Mauritius kestrels (Falco punctatus) in a re-introduced population. Biological Conservation 118(4):539-48.

Nicoll MAC, Jones CG, Norris K. 2003. Declining survival rates in a reintroduced population of the Mauritius kestrel: evidence for non-linear density dependence and environmental stochasticity. Journal of Animal Ecology 72:917-26.

Oliver WLR, Wilkins L, Kerr RH, Kelly DL. 1986. The Jamaican hutia, Geocapromys brownii, captive breeding and reintroduction program-history and progress. D. J. Jersey Wildlife Preservation Trust 23:32-58.

Osofsky S, Paglia DE, Radcliffe RW, Miller RE, Emslie R, Foose TJ, du Toit R, Atkinson MW. 2001. First do no harm: a precautionary recommendation regarding the movement of black rhinoceroses from overseas zoos back to Africa. Pachyderm 30(Jan-June ):17-23.

Ostro LET, Silver SC, Koontz FW, Young TP, Horwich RH. 1999. Ranging behavior of translocated and established groups of black howler monkeys Alouatta pigra in Belize, Central America. Biological Conservation 87(2):181-90.

Ounsted ML. 1991. Re-introducing birds: lessons to be learned for mammals.  In: Gipps JHW. Beyond Captive Breeding:  Re-introducing Endangered Mammals to the Wild. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p 75-85.

Ounsted ML. 1991. Re-introducing birds:  lessons to be learned for mammals. Zoological Symposium 62:75-85.

Page GW, Quinn PL, Warriner JC. 1989. Comparison of the breeding of hand- and wild-reared snowy plovers. Conservation Biology 3(2):198-201.

Pereira SL, Wajntal A. 1999. Reintroduction of guans of the Genus Penelope (Cracidae, Aves) in reforested areas in Brazil:  assessment by DNA fingerprinting. Biological Conservation 87(1):31-8.

Povilitis T. Is captive breeding an appropriate strategy for endangered species conservation? Endangered Species 8:20-3.

Powell AN, Cuthbert FJ. 1993. Augmenting small populations of plovers:  an assessment of cross-fostering and captive-rearing. Conservation Biology 7(1):160-8.

Price S. 1989. Operation oryx: captive breeding and re-introduction planning. Animal Reintroductions:  The Arabian Oryx in Oman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 44-67.

Price S. 1989. Oryx management. Animal Reintroductions:  The Arabian Oryx in Oman. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 94-118.

Price S. 1989. Re-introductions defined and reviewed. p 1-25.

Ralls K, Ballou JD. 2004. Genetic status and management of California condors. Condor 106(2 ):215-28.

Ratti JT, Weinstein M, Scott JM, Wiseman PA, Gillesberg AM, Miller CA, Szepanski MM, Svancara LK. 2004. Feasibility of wolf reintroduction to Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Northwest Science 78:1-76.

Reading RP, Clark TW, Kellert SR. 1991. Toward an endangered species reintroduction paradigm.  Endangered Species 8(1):1-4.

Reading RP, Kellert SR. 1993. Attitudes toward a proposed reintroduction of black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes). Conservation Biology 7(3):569-80.

Reading RP, Miller B. 2001. Release and reintroduction of species.  In: Bell CA. Encyclopedia of the World's Zoos. Chicago, IL: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers.

Reinert HK. 1991. Translocation as a conservation strategy for amphibians and reptiles:  some comments, concerns, and observations. Herpetologica 47(3):357-63.

Ridley MW. 1986. Captive breeding and reintroduction of pheasants. International Zoo Yearbook 24/25:40-4.

Robert A, Sarrazin F, Couvet D, Legendre S. 2004. Releasing adults versus young in reintroductions: interactions between demography and genetics. Conservation Biology 18(4):1078-87.

Robichaux RH, Friar EA, Mount DW. 1997. Molecular genetic consequences of a population bottleneck associated with reintroduction of the Mauna Kea silversword (Argyroxiphium sandwicense ssp. sandwicense [Asteraceae]). Conservation Biology 11(5):1140-6.

Rodriguez A, Barrios L, Delibes M. 1995. Experimental release of an Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). Biodiversity and Conservation  4:382-94.

Rodriguez A, Delibes M. 2004. Patterns and causes of non-natural mortality in the Iberian lynx during a 40-year period of range contraction. Biological Conservation 118(2):151-61.

Roseberry JL, Ellsworth DL, Klimstra WD. 1987. Comparative post-release behavior and survival of wild, semi-wild, and game farm bobwhites. Wildlife Society Bulletin 15:449-55.

Rudolph DC, Conner RN, Carrie DK, Schaefer RR. 1992. Experimental reintroduction of red-cockaded woodpeckers. The Auk 109:914-6.

Russell WC, Thorne ET, Oakleaf R, Ballou JD. 1994. The genetic basis of black-footed ferret reintroduction. Conservation Biology 8(1):263-6.

Ryder OA. 1991. Back in the USSR: notes on Przewalski's horses.  ZooNooz 64:6-11.

Ryder OA. 1993. Przewalski's horse:  prospects for reintroduction into the wild. Conservation Biology 7(1):13-9.

Ryder OA. 1988. Przewalski's horse: putting the wild horse back in the wild. Oryx 22:154-7.

Ryder OA, Kumamoto AT, Kingswood SC. 1991. Oman's desert treasure: the Arabian oryx.  ZooNooz 64:6-8.

Saltz D. 1998. A long-term systematic approach to planning reintroductions:  the Persian fallow deer and the Arabian oryx in Israel. Animal Conservation 1:245-52.

Sanz V, Grajal A. 1998. Successful reintroduction of captive-raised yellow-shouldered Amazon parrots on Margarita Island, Venezuela. Conservation Biology 12(2):430-41.

Sarrasin F, Barbault R. 1997. Reintroductions:  challenges and lessons for basic ecology. Tree 12:68-9.

Schaub M, Pradel R, Lebreton JD. 2004. Is the reintroduced white stork (Ciconia ciconia) population in Switzerland self-sustainable? Biological Conservation 119(1):105-14.

Seal US. 1991. Life after extinction. Zoological Symposium 62:39-55.

Seddon PJ, Soorae PS. 1999. Guidelines for subspecific substitutions in wildlife restoration projects. Conservation Biology 13(1):177-84.

Seddon PJ, Soorae PS, Launay F. 2005. Taxonomic bias in reintroduction projects. Animal Conservation 8(1):51-8.

Shepherdson DJ. 1994. The role of environmental enrichment in the captive breeding and reintroduction of endangered species.  In: Mace G, Olney PJS, Feistner A. Creative Conservation:  Interactive Management of Wild and Captive Animals. London: Chapman & Hall. p 167-77.

Short J, Bradshaw SD, Giles J, Prince RIT, Wilson GR. 1992. Reintroduction of macropods (Marsupialia:  macropodoidea) in Australia - a review. Biological Conservation 62(3):189-204.

Sjoasen T. 1996. Survivorship of captive-bred and wild-caught reintroduced european otters Lutra lutra in Sweden. Biological Conservation 76(2):161-5.

Snyder NFR, Derrickson SR, Beissinger SR, Wiley JW, Smith TB, Toone WD, Miller B. 1996. Limitations of captive breeding in endangered species recovery. Conservation Biology 10(2):338-48.

Spalding MG, Forrester DJ. 1993. Disease monitoring of free-ranging and released wildlife. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 24(3):271-80.

Spalton JA, Lawrence MW, Brend SA. 1999. Arabian oryx reintroductions in Oman:  successes and setbacks. Oryx  33(2):168-75.

Stanley Price MR. 1991. A review of mammal re-introductions, and the role of the Re-Introduction Specialist Group of IUCN/SSC.  In: Gipps JHW. Beyond Captive Breeding:  Re-introducing Endangered Mammals to the Wild. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p 9-25.

Stanley Price MR. 1991.  A review of mammal re-introductions, and the role of the re-introduction specialist group of IUCN/SSC. Zoological Symposium 62:9-25.

Steury TD, Murray DL. 2004. Modeling the reintroduction of lynx to the southern portion of its range. Biological Conservation 117(2):127-41.

Stockwell CA, Mulvey M, Vinyard GL. 1996. Translocations and the preservation of allelic diversity. Conservation Biology 10(4):1133-41.

Stoinski T, Beck B, Bowman M,  Lehnhardt J. 1997. The gateway zoo program: a recent initiative in golden lion tamarin reintroductions.  In: Wallis J. Special Topics in Primatology. 1. 1 ed. The American Society of Primatologists. p 112-29.

Stoinski TS, Beck BB. 2004. Changes in locomotor and foraging skills in captive-born, reintroduced golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia rosalia). American Journal of Primatology 62(1):1-13.

Storfer A. 1999. Gene flow and endangered species translocations: a topic revisited. Biological Conservation 87(2):173-80.

Stuart SN. 1991. Re-introductions:  to what extent are they needed?  In: Gipps JHW. Beyond Captive Breeding:  Re-introducing Endangered Mammals to the Wild. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p 27-37.

Stuart SN. 1991. Re-introductions: to what extent are they needed? Zoological Symposium 62:27-37.

Sunquist F, Rich A. 1993. Should we put them all back? International Wildlife 23:34-40.

Templeton AR. 1990. The role of genetics in captive breeding and reintroduction for species conservation. Endangered Species Update 8(1):14-7.

Tenhumberg B, Tyre AJ, Shea K, Possingham HP. 2004. Linking wild and captive populations to maximize species persistence: optimal translocation strategies. Conservation Biology 18(5):1304-14.

Theodorou K, Couvet D. 2004. Introduction of captive breeders to the wild: harmful of beneficial? Conservation Genetics 5:1-12.

Thorne ET, Oakleaf B. 1991. Species rescue for captive breeding: black-footed ferret as an example. Zoological Symposium 62:241-61.

Tolson PJ. 1990. Captive breeding and reintroduction:  recovery efforts for the Virgin Islands boa, Epicrates monensis granti. Endangered Species Update 8(1):52-3.

Tomlinson DNS. 1977. White rhinos return to Rhodesia. Oryx 14:145-50.

Toone W. 1991. Return of the California condor.  ZooNooz 64:12-3.

Toone WD, Wallace MP. 1994. The extinction in the wild and reintroduction of the California condor (Gymnogyps californius).  In: Olney PJS, Mace GM, Feistner ATC. Creative Conservation: Interactive Management of Wild and Captive Animals. London: Chapman & Hall.

Tweed EJ, Foster JT, Woodworth BL, Oesterle P, Kuehler C, Lieberman AA, Powers AT, Whitaker K, Monahan WB, Kellerman J and others. 2003. Survival, dispersal, and home-range establishment of reintroduced captive-bred puaiohi, Myadestes palmeri. Biological Conservation 111(1):1-9.

Valutis LL, Marzluff JM. 1999. The appropriateness of puppet-rearing birds for reintroduction. Conservation Biology 13(3):584-91.

Van Dierendonck MC, Vries MFWD. 1996. Ungulate reintroductions:  experiences with the takhi or Przewalski horse (Equus ferus przewalskii) in Mongolia. Conservation Biology 10(3):728-40.

Van Heezik Y, Seddon PJ, Maloney RF. 1999. Helping reintroduced houbara bustards avoid predation: effective anti-predator training and the predictive value of pre-release behaviour. Animal Conservation 2(3):155-64.

Wallace M. The California condor:  current efforts for its recovery. Endangered Species 8:32-5.

Whitmore KD, Marzluff JM. 1998. Hand-rearing corvids for reintroduction:  importance of feeding regime, nestling growth, and dominance. Journal of Wildlife Management 62(4):1460-79.

Wikramanayake ED. 1990. Conservation of endemic rain forest fishes of Sri Lanka:  results of a translocation experiment. Conservation Biology 4(1):32-8.

Wilson AC, Stanley Price MR. 1994. Reintroduction as a reason for captive breeding.  In: Olney PJS, Mace GM, Feistner ATC. Creative Conservation:  Interactive Management of Wild and Captive Animals. London: Chapman & Hall. p 243-63.

Wilson BS, Alberts AC, Graham K, Hudson R, Kerr R, Lewis D, Lung N, Nelson R, Thompson N,  Vogel P. 2004. Survival and reproduction of repatriated Jamaican iguanas (Cyclura collei): "headstarting" as a viable conservation strategy.  In: Alberts AC, Carter RL, Hayes WK, Martins EP. Iguanas: Biology and Conservation. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p 220-31.

Wilson CJ. 2004. Could we live with reintroduced large carnivores in the UK? Mammal Review 34(3):211-32.

Wirth R. 1990. Reintroduction - sometimes a conservation problem?  International Zoo News 37:13-7.

Witteman GJ, R.E. Beck J, Pimm SL, Derrickson SR. 1990. The decline and restoration of the guam rail, Rallus owstoni. Endangered Species Update 8(1):36-9.

Wolf CM, Griffith B, Reed C, Temple SA. 1996. Avian and mammalian translocations:  update and reanalysis of 1987 survey data. Conservation Biology 10(4):1142-54.

Woodford MH, Kock RA. 1991. Veterinary considerations in re-introduction and translocation projects. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 62:101-10.

Woodroofe R, Ginsberg JR. 1999. Conserving the African wild dog, Lycaon pictus.  II.  Is there a role for reintroduction? Oryx 33 (2):143-51.

Zwank PJ, Geaghan JP, Dewhurst DA. 1988. Foraging differences between native and released Mississippi sandhill cranes:  implications for conservation. Conservation Biology 2(4):386-90.

Zwank PJ, Wilson CD. 1987. Survival of captive, parent-reared Mississippi sandhill cranes released on a refuge. Conservation Biology 1(2):165-8.

Reintroduction programs at Lincoln Park Zoo

AZA Reintroduction Scientific Advisory Group

Action Plan

AZA Participation

Reference List

AZA Annual Conference ReintroSAG Meeting Minutes

Reports to AZA

Links


Current Projects:

Channel Island Fox

Guam Rail Reintroduction Project

Trumpeter Swan Reintroduction Project